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214 D.
1. For
η, Doric
and Aeolic have original ᾱ;
thus, νί̄κᾱ,
Ϝί̄κᾱς,
Ϝί̄κᾳ,
νί̄κᾱν; πολί̄τᾱς,
κριτά̄ς, Ἀτρείδᾱς.
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2. Ionic has
η for the
ᾱ of Attic even
after ε, ι,
and ρ;
thus, γενεή,
οἰκίη, ἀγορή,
μοίρης, μοίρῃ
(nom. μοῖρᾰ),
νεηνίης.
Thus, ἀγορή,
-ῆς, -ῇ, -ήν; νεηνίης,
-ου, -ῃ, -ην. But
Hom. has
θεά̄
goddess,
Ἑρμείᾱς
Hermes.
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3. The dialects admit
-ᾰ in the nom. sing.
less often than does Attic. Thus, Ionic πρύμνη
stern,
κνί̄ση
savour
(Att. πρύμνα,
κνῖσα),
Dor. τόλμᾱ
daring.
Ionic
has η for
ᾰ in the abstracts in
-είη,
-οίη (ἀληθείη
truth,
εὐνοίη
good-will).
Hom. has
νύμφᾰ
oh maiden
from νύμφη.
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4.
Nom. sing. masc. – Hom. has
-τα
for -της
in ἱππότα
horseman,
ἱππηλάτα
driver of horses,
νεφεληγερέτα
cloud-collector,
κῡανοχαῖτα
dark-haired; and, with recessive accent,
μητίετα
counsellor. So in the adj.
εὐρύοπα
far-sounding. Cp. Lat. poeta, scriba.
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5.
Gen. sing. masc. – (a) -ᾱο,
the original form from ᾱ-(ι)ο,
is used by Hom. (Ἀτρείδᾱο).
It contracts in Aeolic and
Doric
to -ᾱ (Ἀτρείδᾱ).
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(b)
-εω, from
ηο (=
ᾱο) by 34, is also used by
Hom., who makes it a
single syllable by synizesis (60), as in
Ἀτρείδεω. Hdt.
has -εω,
as πολί̄τεω
(163
a).
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(c)
-ω in
Hom. after a vowel,
Βορέω
(nom. Βορέης).
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6.
Accus. sing. masc. – In proper names
Hdt. often has -εα borrowed from ς
stems (264), as
Μιλτιάδεα
for Μιλτιάδη-ν.
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7.
Dual. – Hom. has the nom. dual of
masculines only. In the gen. and dat. Hom. has
-αιν
and also -αιιν.
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8.
Gen. plur. – (a) -ά̄ων,
the original form, occurs in Hom. (μουσά̄ων,
ἀγορά̄ων).
In Aeolic and Doric
-ά̄ων contracts to
(b) -ᾶν
(ἀγορᾶν).
The Doric
-ᾶν is found also in the choral songs of the drama
(πετρᾶν
rocks).
(c) -έων,
the Ionic
form, appears in Homer, who usually makes it a single syllable
by synizesis (60) as in
βουλέωνν,
from βουλή
plan.
-έων is from
-ήων, Ionic
for -ά̄ων.
(d) -ῶν
in
Hom. generally after vowels (κλισιῶν,
from κλισίη
hut).
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9.
Dat. plur.: -ῃσι(ν),
-ῃς, generally before vowels, and (rarely)
-αις
in Hom.
Ionic
has -ῃσι, Aeolic
-αισι(ν),
-αις, Doric
-αις.
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10.
Accus. plur.: -ανς, -ᾰς,
ᾱς in various Doric
dialects, -αις
in Aeolic.
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